目的　分析儿童偶发分枝杆菌脓毒症的临床特点。方法　回顾分析1例儿童偶发分枝杆菌脓毒症的临床资料， 并复习相关文献。结果　患儿，男， 3岁8个月，以发热、咳嗽等呼吸道感染为表现，血培养发现偶发分枝杆菌，经阿奇霉素 抗感染治疗有效。结论　偶发分枝杆菌属于非结核分枝杆菌，常规细菌培养不易检出。儿童感染偶发分枝杆菌感染罕见， 临床表现无特异性，及时抗感染治疗，预后良好。

Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycobacterium fortuitum (MF) sepsis in children. Methods　The clinical data of MF sepsis in a child was retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed. Results　A 3-year-8-month old boy suffered from fever, cough and other respiratory tract infections. MF was found in blood culture and anti-infection treatment with azithromycin is effective. Conclusions　MF belongs to nontuberculous Mycobacterium which is difficult to be detected by routine bacterial culture. Infection in children is rare and clinical manifestations are nonspecific. If the child can receive anti-infection treatment timely, the prognosis is good.