40多年来，纤维支气管镜已广泛应用于儿童肺部疾病的诊断和治疗。随着临床研究的开展与新兴病原检测 技术的提高，纤维支气管镜在儿童肺部感染性疾病诊断中的作用得到进一步认可。在肺部真菌感染、呼吸机相关肺炎、反 复肺炎等特殊感染及免疫抑制等特殊人群中的应用被列入多项指南。在治疗中，摘取异物、镜下手术等得到了长足的发展， 但对儿童感染相关的肺部息肉、肺不张等疾病的治疗有效性仍存在争议。重新认识纤维支气管镜在儿童肺部感染性疾病 中的价值，有利于儿童肺部感染性疾病的规范诊断治疗。

For more than 40 years, fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of children's lung diseases. With the development of clinical research and the improvement of new pathogen detection technology, the role of fiberbronchoscope in the diagnosis of children's pulmonary infectious diseases has been further recognized. Its application has been included in a number of guidelines for diagnosis of special infections including pulmonary fungal infection, ventilator associated pneumonia, recurrent pneumonia, as well as in special population such as immunocompromised patients. Considerable progress has been made in foreign body removal and endoscopic surgery during the treatment, but the effectiveness of the treatment of infection-related lung polyps and atelectasis in children is still controversial. A new understanding of the value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children with pulmonary infectious diseases is conducive to the standardized diagnosis and treatment of children with pulmonary infectious diseases.