目的　探讨急性髓系白血病自然缓解的诱因和可能的发生机制。方法　回顾分析1例急性单核细胞白血病 发生自然缓解患儿的临床资料，并结合相关文献探讨自然缓解的可能机制。结果　1岁4月龄男性患儿，确诊为急性髓系 单核细胞白血病，未经化疗后发生骨髓自然缓解，约1年后出现髓系肉瘤复发，予行HLA半相合造血干细胞移植术，目 前预后良好。回顾既往文献发生自然缓解患者大部分缓解之前有发热史，通常由感染导致，也可由药物撤除或输血导致。 结论　髓系白血病发生自然缓解很少见，未来或许可以通过免疫疗法达到治疗白血病的目的。

　Objective　To explore the inducement and possible mechanism of spontaneous remission in acute myeloid leukemia. Method　The clinical data of acute monoblastic leukemia in a child with spontaneous remission were reviewed, and the possible mechanism of spontaneous remission was discussed in combination with relevant literature. Results　A year and 4 months old boy was diagnosed with acute monoblastic leukemia and had a spontaneous remission without chemotherapy. About 1 year later, the boy relapsed with myeloid sarcoma and received HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The prognosis was good. Previous studies showed that most patients with spontaneous remission had a history of fever that was usually caused by infection, but could also be caused by drug withdrawal or blood transfusion. Conclusion　Spontaneous remission of acute myeloid leukemia is extremely rare. Immunotherapy may be employed to treat leukemia in the future.