原发性免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）是一种自身免疫性疾病，在儿童中发病率约为（4~5）/10万，多数（80%~90%） ITP患儿在确诊后12个月内血小板数可恢复正常，但少数（10%~20%）患儿血小板减少会超过1年，成为慢性ITP。慢性 ITP的发病机制尚未清楚，现有研究认为是在患儿易感基因背景下，由于感染和免疫紊乱产生的自身免疫抗体对单核-巨 噬细胞系统的破坏造成血小板减少。文章综述慢性ITP的诊断，预测因素及相关治疗方法。

　Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with an incidence about 4~5/100000 in children. Most children with ITP (80% - 90%) return to normal within 12 months after diagnosis, but a few (10% - 20%) have thrombocytopenia for more than 1 year, turned into chronic ITP (CITP). The pathogenesis of CITP is not clear. It is believed that under the background of susceptible genes in children, the destruction of monocyte-macrophage system caused by autoimmune antibodies produced by infection and immune disorder results in thrombopenia. According to the recent research on ITP, this paper reviews the diagnosis, predictive factors and treatment of CITP.