随着围生医学发展，早产儿存活率已逐年上升，但脑损伤发生率依旧不低。尽管神经康复使脑损伤得到一定 改善，但不可避免地遗留不同程度神经功能障碍。最近研究表明，沉默信息调节因子3可调控脑内小胶质细胞而减轻神经 元受损，在早产儿脑损伤保护中具有极大潜力。文章综述了沉默信息调节因子3通过小胶质细胞对早产儿脑损伤的神经 保护作用机制，以期为治疗提供理论依据。

With the development of perinatal medicine, the survival rate of preterm infants has been increasing year by year, but the incidence of brain injury is still high. Although neurorehabilitation can improve brain injury to a certain extent, neurological dysfunction of varied degrees remains inevitably. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin 3 can regulate microglia in the brain to reduce neuronal damage, and has great potential in protecting premature infants from brain injury. This article reviews the neuroprotective mechanism of sirtuin 3 through microglia on brain injury in premature infants, and to provide a theoretical basis for treatment.