EB病毒相关淋巴组织增殖性疾病（EBV-PTLD）是儿童造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后的严重并发症之一。减低 强度的预处理（RIC）、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）的使用、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）、巨细胞病毒感染等多种高危因素与儿 童EBV-PTLD发生密切相关。由于目前移植后EBV-PTLD相对少见，且缺乏统一的治疗方案，因此儿童EBV-PTLD临床 诊疗极具挑战性。文章旨在综述儿童EBV-PTLD的发病机制、危险因素、诊断标准及最新治疗进展，为进一步完善适用于 儿童EBV-PTLD的诊疗规范提供建议。

The Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) is one of the deadliest complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children. Multiple risk factors have been associated with the onset of EBV-PTLD such as reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), use of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), cytomegalovirus reactivation, etc. There is no clear consensus on the treatment of EBV-PTLD in children transplant recipients due to few clinical trials and the rarity of the disease. This article aims to explore the entity of EBV-PTLD in childhood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, expanding on pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical diagnosis and recent treatment strategy, as such to highlight the gaps in knowledge needed for building a perfect treatment paradigm suitable for all pediatric patients.