1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，目前仍缺乏有效预防和治愈方法，临床上通过早期干预可显著改 善T1D的发展进程和预后，而有效的生物学标志物对于T1D早期预测和早期诊断具有重要意义。因此，近年来国内外研 究者致力于探索T1D相关生物标志物，发现并确定了一些可作为T1D临床诊断和预测疾病风险的生物标志物，包括遗传 标志物、胰岛β细胞自身抗体、T细胞生物标志物及新兴的“组学”生物标志物等。文章总结了已建立的T1D生物标志物 及其研究进展。

Type 1 diabetes (T 1 D) is an autoimmune disease, and there is still no effective way to prevent and cure it. In clinical practice, early intervention can significantly improve the development process and prognosis of T 1 D, and effective biomarkers are of great significance for early prediction and diagnosis of T1 D. Therefore, in recent years, researchers at home and abroad have devoted themselves to exploring biomarkers related to T1 D, and found and identified some biomarkers that can be used for clinical diagnosis and disease risk prediction of T 1 D, including genetic markers, pancreatic β-cell autoantibodies, T cell biomarkers and emerging “omics” based biomarkers. This paper reviews the established biomarkers of T 1 D and their research progress.