目的 分析极低出生体质量（VLBW）早产儿随访至3岁时的体格发育状况。方法  选取2014 年1 月1 日至2014 年12 月31 日期间分娩，出生体质量< 1 500 g的VLBW早产儿，分析其校正12 月龄、24 月龄及出生年龄3 岁时的体格生长指标，并进行比较。结果 共分娩141 例VLBW早产儿，死亡26 例，存活率81.6%。存活的VLBW早产儿中，101 例完成随访（87.8%）。校正12 月龄、校正24 月龄和3 岁龄的按年龄头围Z值（HcAZ）的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与校正24月龄相比，3岁的HcAZ明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。校正12月龄、校正24月龄和3岁时的去脂重（LBM）以及LBM百分比的差异均有统计学意义（P< 0 . 05），LBM呈逐步增长趋势，不同年龄间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；校正24 月龄及3 岁时LBM百分比高于校正12 月龄，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。按有无并发症，将VLBW早产儿分为有并发症组36 例，无并发症组65 例；两组间按年龄体质量Z值（WAZ）、按年龄身长Z值（LAZ）、HcAZ及按年龄体质量指数Z值（BAZ）的差异均无统计学意义（P>0 . 05）。结论 随年龄增长，VLBW早产儿的各项体格发育指标均逐渐追赶，有无并发症的VLBW早产儿的体格发育无明显区别。

Objective To explore the physical development of very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants from discharge to 3 years of age. Methods The VLBW premature infants with birth weight < 1500 g delivered from January 1 , 2014 to December 31 , 2014 were selected. The physical growth indicators at 12 months of adjusted age, 24 months of adjusted age and 3 years of age were analyzed and compared. Results A total of 141 VLBW premature infants were delivered and 26 died with a survival rate of 81 . 6 %. Among the surviving VLBW preterm infants, 101 completed the follow-up (87 . 8 %). The difference in head circumference-for-age Z score (HcAZ) at 12 months of adjusted age, 24 months of adjusted age and 3 years of age was statistical significance (P< 0 . 05 ). Compared with the 24 months of adjusted age, the HcAZ at 3 years of age was significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 . 05 ). The differences in lean body mass (LBM) and LBM percentages at 12 months of adjusted age, 24 months of adjusted age and 3 years of age were statistically significant (P< 0 . 05 ). LBM showed a gradual increase trend, and pairwise comparison of LBM among different ages showed statistical significance (P< 0 . 05 ). The percentage of LBM at 24 months of adjusted age and 3 years of age was higher than that at 12 months of adjusted age, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 . 05 ). According to the presence or absence of complications, VLBW preterm infants were divided into complication group ( 36 cases) and non-complication group ( 65 cases). There were no significant differences between the two groups in weight-for-age Z score (WAZ), length-for-age Z value (LAZ), HcAZ and body mass index-for-age Z score (BAZ) (P> 0 . 05 ). Conclusion With the increase of age, the physical development indices of VLBW premature infants gradually catch up. There is no significant difference in the physical development of VLBW premature infants with or without complications.