颗粒酶A（GzmA）是由自然杀伤细胞及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞分泌的丝氨酸蛋白酶，能够通过诱导细胞凋亡以 及细胞焦亡来调节机体免疫防御，还能够杀灭侵入宿主细胞内的细菌及寄生虫来维持机体稳态。最近研究发现，GzmA通 过调节IL- 6、TNF-α等因子的释放，影响结核、脓毒症、类风湿性关节炎等疾病的发生及发展，还可激活pSTAT 3促进肠 道炎症及结直肠癌的发展。文章就 GzmA的生理特征和功能，以及在炎症过程、自身免疫性疾病及肿瘤中的作用进行综述。

Granzyme A (GzmA) is a serine protease secreted by natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. It can regulate the body's immune defense by inducing apoptosis and pyrolysis, and it can also kill bacteria and parasites that invade the host cells to maintain body homeostasis. Recent studies have found that GzmA influences the pathogenesis and development of tuberculosis, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the release of IL- 6 and TNF-伪, and also it can activate pSTAT 3 to promote the development of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of GzmA, as well as its role in inflammatory process, autoimmune diseases and tumors.