牦牛常年生活在高原地区特殊的环境下，故其乳汁中的成分与普通牛乳不同。与普通牛乳相比，牦牛乳中含 有更高的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质等营养物质，且富含免疫球蛋白、转化生长因子、外泌体等多种免疫相关成分。文章 综述对牦牛乳中营养及免疫活性成分的研究进展。

The yak lives in the special environment of the plateau area all year round, making the composition of yak milk different from ordinary cow's milk. Compared with ordinary cow's milk, yak milk contains higher protein, fat, lactose, minerals and other nutrients necessary for the growth and development of infants. In addition, yak milk is rich in immunerelated ingredients, such as immunoglobulins, transforming growth factors, exosomes and so on. This paper reviews the research progress of nutritional and immunologically active ingredients in yak milk.