目的 总结儿童麻疹的临床特点,为其防控及临床诊治提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2009年3月—2019年7月收治的757例麻疹患儿的临床资料。患儿按年龄分为<8月龄组和≥8月龄组,比较两组患儿的临床特征。结果 757例麻疹患儿中男505例（66.7%）、女252例（33.3%）;中位年龄8.7（6.7~12.0）月,以<1岁患儿（71.7%）为主。每年3~5月份为发病高峰期。未接种疫苗者653例（86.3%）。临床表现以发热（99.5%）、皮疹（100.0%）、咳嗽（72.0%）、麻疹黏膜斑（Koplik斑,58.4%）多见,并发症以肺炎（77.5%）最常见。<8月龄患儿251例,≥8月龄506例。与≥8月龄组相比,<8月龄组典型皮疹、咳嗽、呼吸困难、腹泻及重型麻疹发生率较高,高热发生率较低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。临床治愈738例（97.5%）,死亡19例。死亡患儿中<1岁14例,≥1岁5例;16例未接种疫苗;8例有基础疾病。结论 儿童麻疹高发于春夏季节,好发于未接种麻疹疫苗的<1岁的男孩,临床以典型麻疹表现为主,可导致死亡,尤其合并基础疾病者。

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of measles in children and to provide a basis for the prevention and control, clinical diagnosis and treatment of measles. Methods Clinical data of 757 children with measles admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2009 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into <8 months old age group and ≥8 months old age group according to their age. Clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results There were 505 boys (66.7%) and 252 girls (33.3%) recruited, the median age was 8.7 (6.7-12.0) months, with most children younger than 1 year old (71.7%). The peak of measles is from March to May every year. 653 children (86.3%) were not vaccinated. The clinical manifestations were fever (99.50%), rash (100%), cough (71.99%), measles mucosal plaque (Koplik plaque, 58.4%), etc, the most common complication was pneumonia (77.54%). There were 251 children (33.2%) <8 months old and 506 children (66.8%) ≥8 months old. Compared with ≥8 months old age group, the incidence of typical rash, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, and severe measles was higher than that in <8 months old age group, and the incidence of high fever was lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were 738 clinical cures (97.5%) and 19 deaths. Among the deceased children, 14 were <1 year old and 5 were ≥1 year old; 16 were not vaccinated; 8 had underlying diseases. Conclusions Measles in children is prevalent in spring and summer, most common in unvaccinated boys <1 year of age, and the main clinical manifestation is typical measles, which can lead to death, especially those combined with underlying diseases.