肾小球滤过率(GFR)是衡量肾脏功能状态的重要指标之一，临床中用于诊断慢性肾脏疾病 (CKD)及其分期、肾移植供者选择、科学研究终点事件设定等，也是肿瘤治疗监测及危急重症治疗临床药物剂量调整、药物毒性监测、新药研发等领域不可或缺的指标。儿童GFR的评估可采用估算法和检测法。估算法是具有临床实用性，目前用于儿童eGFR的方程具有种族和地域特性，准确性受开发数据集人群的影响。国内以Schwartz 1987版应用较多，需注意该方法肌酐测定法为比色法，Schwartz2009方程亦有较广泛的应用，但在我国CKD儿童中准确性（P₃₀）均较低，未超过80%。目前迫切需要新的大样本的来自于中国儿童的估算方程。在需要精确获得GFR 的情况下，临床采用测定GFR的方法。文章介绍了用于估算和测量GFR指标的优缺点和在GFR儿科的应用现状。

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one of the important indicators to measure renal function status. It is used in the clinical diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its staging, selection of kidney transplant donors, setting of endpoint events in scientific research, etc. It is also an indispensable index in the fields of cancer treatment monitoring, clinical drug dose adjustment in ICU critical care treatment, drug toxicity monitoring and new drug development. GFR in children can be assessed by both estimation and detection. The estimation method has clinical practicability. The current equations used for eGFR in children are ethnically and geographically specific, and their accuracy is influenced by the population of the developed dataset. Schwartz 1987 version is widely used in China. It should be noted that this method is a colorimetric method for creatinine determination. Schwartz 2009 equation is also widely used, but its accuracy (P₃₀) in Chinese children with CKD is low, which is less than 80%. New estimating equations from large samples of Chinese children are urgently needed. In cases where accurate GFR is required, the method of measuring GFR is used. This paper introduces the advantages, disadvantages and application status of indicators used to estimate and measure GFR in pediatrics.