目的 了解上海市浦东新区3个社区的学龄前期儿童多动行为与过敏性疾病的共病情况及相关流行病学特征。方法 2021年4月至6月对3个社区8所幼儿园4~7岁的儿童父母发放问卷进行调查，共发放问卷1 412份。过敏性疾病筛查问卷主要由父母汇报患儿有无喘息、连续咳嗽>1个月、哮喘、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏史和直系家属过敏史。采用《Conners父母症状问卷》调查儿童的多动行为。结果 本次调查共收到有效问卷1 302份，调查对象年龄为（5.3±0.8）岁，其中男655名（50.3%），女647名（49.7%）。学龄前儿童多动行为的报告率为13.4%，哮喘阳性率5.1%，过敏性鼻炎阳性率34.8%。在多动行为的学龄前期儿童中，10.9%共病哮喘，59.4%共病过敏性鼻炎。二元多因素logistic回归分析显示，男性、有过敏性鼻炎是学龄前期儿童罹患多动行为的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 学龄前儿童多动行为共病过敏性疾病的比例较高。男性和过敏性鼻炎可增加学龄前期儿童发生多动行为的风险。

Objective To investigate the comorbidity and epidemiological characteristics of hyperactive behavior and allergic diseases in pre-school children in three communities of Pudong New Area in Shanghai. Methods A total of 1412 questionnaires were distributed to the parents of children in eight kindergartens from 4 to 7 years old in three communities from April to June 2021. The allergic disease screening questionnaire was mainly reported by parents and the contents were as follows: wheezing, continuous cough >1 month, asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, and a history of food allergies and immediate family allergies. Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire was used to assess the children's hyperactive behavior. Results A total of 1302 valid questionnaires were received in this survey. The age of the children was (5.3±0.8) years, including 655 boys (50.3%) and 647 girls (49.7%). The rate of hyperactivity was 13.4%, the positive rate of asthma was 5.1%, and the positive rate of allergic rhinitis was 34.8% in preschool children. In pre-school children with hyperactive behavior, 10.9% had comorbidities of asthma and 59.4% had comorbidities of allergic rhinitis. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male and allergic rhinitis were independent risk factors for hyperactive behavior in pre-school children (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of hyperactive behavior comorbidity allergic diseases in pre-school children is high. Male and allergic rhinitis increase the risk of hyperactive behavior in pre-school children.