儿童毛霉菌病是造血干细胞移植后罕见的严重并发症之一。免疫功能抑制、中性细胞减少症、移植物抗宿主病、铁负荷过载、静脉高营养、糖皮质激素及钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂使用等多种危险因素与儿童造血干细胞移植后毛霉菌病的发生密切相关。由于儿童移植后毛霉菌病侵袭进展迅速，其临床诊疗极具挑战性。文章综述儿童造血干细胞移植后毛霉菌病的流行病学特点、发病机制、诊断及治疗的研究进展，为进一步完善适用于儿童移植后毛霉菌病的诊疗规范提供建议。

The pediatric mucormycosis is a rare but often highly lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Of the hazard factors, immunosuppression post HSCT, neutropenia, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Iron overload, parenteral hyperalimentation, and the use of corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitors, particularly in children, have been reported to be the commonest contributions to mucormycosis. An early diagnosis and combined treatment of mucormycosis is challenging due to the nature of often rapidly invasion and destruction. This article reviews the research advances in epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in children after HSCT, and provides suggestions for further improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in children after transplantation.