目的 分析侵袭性肺部真菌感染（IPFI）患儿的临床资料，为儿童IPFI的早期识别和诊断提供帮助。 方法 回顾性分析195例IPFI患儿的临床资料。 结果 195例患儿中男123例、女72例；中位年龄9.5（0.9~62.0）月，新生儿（<28 d）52例，婴幼儿（28 d~3岁）79例，年长儿（3~18岁）64例。新生儿基础疾病以早产儿居多（75.0%），婴幼儿免疫缺陷病较多（20.3%），年长儿血液系统疾病较多（31.3%）。不同年龄组间两联抗生素使用、血液净化或透析、留置胃管、使用糖皮质激素、化疗或其他免疫抑制剂治疗、胃肠外营养的比例差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。病原菌以白色假丝酵母菌为主（69.2%），不同年龄组间白色假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌和曲霉菌的比例差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。念珠菌对唑类抗真菌药耐药率较高，对两性霉素B和5-氟胞嘧啶耐药率较低。 结论 儿童侵袭性肺部真菌感染以婴幼儿居多，不同年龄段基础疾病及侵袭性因素有差异，病原菌以念珠菌居多，菌种分布可能与年龄有关，念珠菌对唑类耐药率较高。

Objective To analyze the clinical data of 195 children with invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI), and to provide help for early identification and diagnosis of IPFI in children. Methods The clinical data of 195 children with IPFI were retrospectively analysed. Results Among the 195 cases, 123 were male and 72 were female, the median age was 9.5 (0.9-62.0) months. 52 were neonates (<28 d), 79 were infants (28 d-3 years), and 64 were elder children (3-18 years). The most common diseases of newborn were premature infants (75.0%), the most common diseases of infant were immunodeficiency (20.3%), and haematological diseases were more common in elder children (31.3%). The differences in the proportions of two-combination antibiotic use, haemodialysis or dialysis, indwelling gastric tube, use of glucocorticoids, chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive treatments, and parenteral nutrition were statistically significant between different age groups (P<0.05). The main pathogen was Candida albicans (69.2%), and there were significant differences in the proportion of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus among different age groups (P<0.05). Candida had a high resistance to azoles and a low resistance to amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. Conclusions Invasive pulmonary fungal infections in children were predominant in infants and young children, with differences in the underlying disease and invasiveness factors in different age groups, with Candida being the predominant pathogen, and the distribution of strains of the organisms may be related to age, with a high rate of resistance to azoles inCandida.