目的 探讨不可分型流感嗜血杆菌生物膜在儿童慢性肺部感染中的作用。方法 从临床微生物室样本库中选取2019年2月至2021年10月从健康儿童（健康对照组）鼻咽部和肺部感染儿童（肺部感染组）肺泡灌洗液中分离培养的流感嗜血杆菌，比较健康儿童与急性和慢性肺部感染患儿分离菌株体外生物膜在不同时间点的生成情况。结果 选取流感嗜血杆菌89株，其中健康对照组34株，慢性肺部感染组30株，急性肺部感染组25株。所有菌株通过聚合酶链反应对荚膜基因bexA的检测发现，均为不可分型流感嗜血杆菌。急性和慢性肺部感染组在不同时间点（第1、2、3、4、7天）之间的吸光度差异有统计学意义，慢性感染组在第4天的吸光度最高。第4天健康对照组、急性和慢性肺部感染组之间的吸光度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），慢性肺部感染组吸光度高于健康对照组和急性肺部感染组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 不可分型流感嗜血杆菌生物膜的生成需要较长时间，在慢性肺部感染患儿中生成能力高于急性肺部感染患儿和健康对照儿童。

Objective To investigate the role of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae biofilm in children with chronic pulmonary infection and compare the biofilm formation of isolates from acute and chronic pulmonary infection in children. Methods Haemophilus influenzae isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of acute and chronic pulmonary infection in children was selected from the clinical microbiology lab in Shenzhen Children's Hospital, and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy children was selected as the control group. And then we compared the production of biofilms at different time points and between different groups in children with acute or chronic pulmonary infection. Results All strains were nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae detected by PCR of capsular gene bexA. The difference in absorbance between acute and chronic lung infection groups at different time points (days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7) was statistically significant, and the absorbance was the highest in the chronic infection group on day 4. On the 4th day, the difference in absorbance between the healthy control group and the acute and chronic lung infection groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The absorbance of the chronic lung infection group was higher than that of the healthy control group and the acute lung infection group (P<0.05). Conclusion The biofilm formation of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae takes a long time, and the formation ability in children with chronic pulmonary infection is significantly higher than that in children with acute pulmonary infection and healthy control children.