目的 评估狼疮性肾炎（LN）患儿肾血管损害（RVLs）并检测肾血管中miR-145的表达。方法 收集41例经肾活检证实为LN的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患儿的临床资料，评估肾小球损害和RVLs。根据RVLs评分及病理类型分组。采用原位杂交法检测miR-145在肾血管中的表达。比较不同病理分型组间RVLs、肾血管miR-145表达及肾小球损害评分差异；比较不同RVLs组间临床指标、肾小球损害评分及肾血管miR-145表达差异。结果 不同LN病理类型间，RVLs的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），肾血管miR-145表达及肾小球损害评分差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。不同RVLs组间，临床指标及肾小球损害差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05），而肾血管miR-145表达差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论 LN患儿存在RVLs，miR-145可能参与RVLs的发生机制。

Objective To evaluate renal vascular damage (RVLs) and detect the expression of miR-145 in children with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Clinical data of 41 cases of LN diagnosed by renal biopsy from the children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were collected. Glomerular damage score and RVLs were evaluated. The children were divided into groups according to RVLs score and pathological pattern. In situ hybridization was performed to detect the expression of miR-145 in kidney blood vessel. Differences in RVLs, miR-145 expression in the renal blood vessels and glomerular damage score were observed among the groups with different renal pathological pattern. Differences in clinical parameters, glomerular damage score and miR-145 expression in the renal blood vessels were investigated among groups with different RVLs. Results Among the groups with different pathological pattern, there was no difference in RVLs (P > 0.05) while significant different were found in the expression of miR-145 and glomerular damage score (P < 0.01). Among the groups with different RVLs, both clinical indexes and glomerular damage score were similar (P > 0.05) while a statistical different was found in the expression of miR-145 (P < 0.01). Conclusions Children with LN had RVLs and the miR-145 may be involved in development of RVLs.