目的 了解儿童沙门菌肠炎病原菌的血清型和耐药模式，为临床治疗提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年6月两家三甲医院沙门菌肠炎患儿的病原菌血清型/群和耐药性，沙门菌药敏试验采用全自动微生物鉴定及药敏分析系统或纸片扩散法，血清分型采用玻片凝集法。结果 共分离出肠道沙门菌1 014株，男性占55.7%，患儿中位年龄为14（9~26）月。门诊患儿粪便沙门菌培养阳性率15.2%，显著高于住院患儿（2.3%， P<0.001）； 7月份分离率最高达9.53%。肠道亚种占99.9%，其中B群占67.3%，C群、D群、E群和不能分群分别占13.0%、11.9%、5.2%和2.5%。鼠伤寒血清型最常见（占48.7%），且其构成比有逐年增加趋势（χ²=11.74，P=0.008）。药敏结果显示菌株对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲基异噁唑、环丙沙星和亚胺培南的耐药率分别为75.5%、70.7%、25.3%、39.0%、10.9%和1.4%，鼠伤寒沙门菌对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢曲松、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲基异噁唑、环丙沙星和氯霉素的耐药率显著高于其他菌株（P<0.05）。结论 肠道沙门菌对氨苄西林耐药率高，不同血清型/群的菌株对常用抗菌药物的耐药率差别显著，临床用药时应根据血清型和药敏结果选择抗菌药物。

Objective To investigate the serotypes and antibiotics-resistance of Salmonella enteric causing enteritis in children, to provide reference for clinical experience treatment. Methods A retrospective study was conducted and the laboratory data of patients with Salmonella infection between January 2019 and June 2022 were collected, VITEK 2 GNS card and disk diffusion method were used for drug susceptibility test of Salmonella, and diagnostic serum slide agglutination method was used for serotyping. Results A total of 1014 Salmonella isolates were cultured, 55.7% (565/1014) from males and the medium (quartile) age of all patients were 14 (9, 26) months. The positive rate for Salmonella culture in outpatients (15.2%) was significant higher than that in inpatients (2.3%, P<0.001). The peak of positive rate for Salmonella was 9.53% which occurred in July. Subspecies enterica accounted for 99.9%, of which group B, group C, group D, group E and other Salmonella enterica accounted for 67.3%, 13.0%, 11.9%, 5.2% and 2.5%, respectively. The most common was Salmonella typhimurium (48.7%) and it’s proportion increasing yearly. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that the resistant-rates of the strains to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were 75.5%, 70.7%, 25.3%, 39.0%, 10.9% and 1.4%, respectively, and higher resistant-rates of these antibiotics in Salmonella typhimurium isolates were identified when compared with that ofother strains (P<0.05). Conclusion The resistance rate of Salmonella enteric to ampicillin was high. The resistance rates of Salmonella enterica to commonly used antibiotics varied in strains with different serogroups or serotypes, which should be considered when prescribed antibiotics empirically in treating Salmonella infection.