目的 探讨 2018—2021年苏州地区过敏性疾病患儿过敏原特异性IgE（sIgE）变化，分析不同性别、年龄过敏原致敏特点及其与环境和生活方式变化的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2018—2021年0~18岁疑似过敏性疾病患儿常见吸入及食物过敏原sIgE检出情况。结果 共纳入43 028例疑似过敏性疾病患儿，过敏原sIgE阳性率为64.4%（27706/43028）。COVID-19大流行前的2018年过敏原sIgE阳性率为60.6%，2019年为58.6%，COVID-19大流行期间的2020年为70.1%，2021年为67.2%，不同年份间阳性率差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。疑似过敏性疾病患儿sIgE阳性率最高的前4位吸入过敏原为尘螨组合、屋尘、霉菌组合、猫毛；食物过敏原前4位为鸡蛋、牛奶、牛肉、黄豆。2020—2021年所有检测的吸入（除了蟑螂）及食物过敏原sIgE阳性率较2018—2019年升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。树组合、普通豚草、艾蒿、尘螨组合、屋尘、猫毛、狗上皮、葎草在男性中过敏原sIgE阳性率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。牛奶、花生、牛肉、羊肉、海鱼组合、虾、蟹在男性中过敏原sIgE阳性率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。吸入以及食物过敏原（除了蟹），各年龄组间过敏原sIgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 COVID-19大流行期间疑似过敏性疾病患儿吸入（除了蟑螂）及食物过敏原sIgE阳性率升高，不同性别、年龄组阳性率有差异，多致敏化趋势增加。

Objective To investigate the changes of allergen-specific IgE in children with allergic diseases in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021. Additionally, the study will examine the characteristics of allergen sensitization in connection to age and gender, as well as changes in lifestyle and environment. Methods A retrospective analysis of the detection of common inhalant and food-specific IgE in suspected allergic children aged 0-18 years from 2018 to 2021 was conducted. Results A total of 43028 suspected allergic children were included, with a positive sIgE rate of 64.4% (27706/43028). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive rate was 60.6% in 2018 and 58.6% in 2019. It was 70.1% in 2020 and 67.2% in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different years (P<0.001). The top 4 inhalant allergens with the highest sIgE positivity in suspected allergic children were dust mite mix, house dust, mold mix, and cat hair; the top 4 food allergens were egg, milk, beef, and soybean. The positive rates of all inhaled (except cockroaches) and food allergen-specific IgE detected from 2020 to 2021 were higher than those from 2018 to 2019, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Among male subjects, the sIgE positivity rates for tree mix, common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite mix, house dust, cat hair, dog epithelium, and cocklebur were higher than those in female subjects, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The sIgE positivity rates for milk, peanut, beef, lamb, fish mix, shrimp, and crab were higher in male subjects than in female subjects, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The sIgE positivity rates for inhalant (except for crab) and food allergens differed significantly among different age groups (P<0.05). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive rates of inhaled (except cockroach) and food allergen-specific IgE increased in children with suspected allergic diseases, and the positive rates were different in different genders and age groups. The trend of multi-sensitization increased.