目的 研究超重和肥胖与哮喘患儿肺功能的相关性。方法 选取2022年7月—2022年9月在呼吸科门诊就诊的368例哮喘患儿，根据体重指数（BMI）分为非超重肥胖组235例（63.8%）、超重组57例（15.5%）、肥胖组76例（20.7%），检测3组患儿肺功能的指标。包括用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、1秒率（FEV₁/FVC），用力呼出25%肺活量时的瞬间流量（FEF₂₅）、用力呼出50%肺活量时的瞬间流量（FEF₅₀）、用力呼出75%肺活量时的瞬间流量（FEF₇₅），用力呼气中期流量（FEF_25~75），呼气峰值流量（PEF）。结果 在超重和肥胖患儿中，哮喘控制不良的比例更高，与非超重肥胖组比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在368例哮喘患儿中，BMI数值和FEV₁/FVC呈负相关（r=-0.22，P<0.05），与FVC、FEV₁、FEF₂₅、FEF₅₀、FEF₇₅、FEF_25~75各指标呈正相关（P<0.05）。在急性发作期及缓解期患儿中，BMI数值和肺功能各指标的相关性表现结果同前。结论 超重和肥胖患儿中，哮喘控制不良的比例更高。随着BMI数值的升高，哮喘患儿的FEV₁/FVC呈下降趋势，超重和肥胖对哮喘患儿的负面影响主要表现在中央气道。

Objective To study the correlation between overweight and obesity and lung function in children with asthma. Methods A total of 368 children with asthma attending the respiratory outpatient clinic from July 2022 to September 2022 were selected and categorized into 235 cases (63.8%) in the non-overweight and obese group, 57 cases (15.5%) in the overweight group, and 76 cases (20.7%) in the obese group according to the body mass index (BMI), and the indexes of lung function were tested in the three groups of children. These included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the end of the first second (FEV₁), one-second rate (FEV₁/FVC), forced expiratory flow rate (FEF) accounted for 25%, 50%, 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF₂₅, FEF₅₀, FEF₇₅), forced expiratory flow rate in the middle period (FEF_25-75), peak expiratory flow (PEF). Results Among overweight and obese children, the proportion of poorly controlled asthma was higher, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with the non-overweight and obese group (P<0.05). Among 368 children with asthma, BMI values were negatively correlated with FEV₁/FVC (r=-0.22, P<0.05) and positively correlated with each of the FVC, FEV₁, FEF₂₅, FEF₅₀, FEF₇₅, and FEF_25-75 (P<0.05). In children with acute exacerbation and remission, the results of correlation between BMI values and lung function indicators were the same as before. Conclusions The proportion of poorly controlled asthma was higher in overweight and obese children. With the increase of BMI, the FEV₁/FVC of children with asthma showed a decreasing trend. Therefore, the negative effects of overweight and obesity on children with asthma were mainly manifested in the central airway.