目的 分析辅助生殖技术（ART）超早产儿临床特征。方法 收集新生儿重症监护室2016年1月至2022年12月收治的超早产儿临床资料，分为ART组、自然受孕(NC)组，比较两组间临床特征。结果 研究期间共收治478例超早产儿，NC组279例，ART组199例。ART组与NC组比较发现：男性比例、母孕期胎膜早破>18 h发生率低于NC组，双/多胎发生率、母亲羊水异常和妊娠期糖尿病发生率、脑室周围-脑室内出血(PIVH)发生率、放弃+死亡率均高于NC组，以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ART超早产儿临床中PIVH发生较高，易导致放弃乃至引起死亡，需加强ART受孕者的母孕期保健，减少并发症发生，预防超早产。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of extremely premature infants conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods The clinical data of extremely premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2016 to December 2022 were collected. The patients were divided into the ART group and the natural conception (NC) group, and the clinical features between the two groups were compared. Results A total of 478 extremely premature infants were admitted during the study period, including 279 in the NC group and 199 in the ART group. Compared with the NC group, the ART group had lower proportions of male infants and premature rupture of membranes lasting more than 18 hours, but higher proportions of double/multiple births, maternal amniotic fluid abnormalities, gestational diabetes mellitus, periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH), abandonment and death, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of PIVH in extremely premature infants conceived by ART is higher, and their parents are easy to give up treatment, and the case fatality rate of patients is higher. It is necessary to strengthen the maternal health care during the ART pregnancy and reduce the complications, in order to prevent the occurrence of extremely premature births.