目的 探讨儿童哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAS）高危人群的临床特点。方法 纳入2019年9月至2021年1月就诊的哮喘儿童进行问卷调查。根据问卷结果将哮喘儿童分成两组，分别为OSAS高危组和对照组，分析其临床特征。结果 共纳入哮喘儿童200例，41.00%的哮喘儿童为OSAS高危人群。OSAS高危患儿哮喘未控制率明显增高（60.00%对36.25%，χ²=7.46，P=0.006）。OSAS高危患儿夜间哮喘发作与活动后哮喘发作情况均高于对照组，发生率分别为20.73%对6.78%，26.83%对13.56%（P<0.05）；同时OSAS高危患儿腺样体肥大发生率更高(35.37%对8.47%，P<0.05)，过敏性鼻炎症状如鼻塞、鼻痒、打喷、流涕评分更高（P<0.05）。结论 哮喘合并OSAS高危患儿更容易出现哮喘控制欠佳、过敏性鼻炎症状重、腺样体肥大发生率高的情况。

Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of children with asthma who were at high risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods A questionnaire survey among outpatient pediatric asthmatic children were conducted from September 2019 to January 2021. Children were categorized into an OSAS high-risk group and a control group based on responses to the questionnaire. Results A total of 200 asthmatic children were included, with 41.00% falling into the OSAS high-risk category. More uncontrolled asthmatic patients were found OSAS high-risk children (60.00% vs. 36.25%, χ²=7.46, P=0.006). Additionally, children in the OSAS high-risk group experienced a higher incidence of nocturnal asthma attacks (20.73% vs. 6.78%, P<0.05) and exercise-induced asthma symptoms (26.83% vs. 13.56%, P<0.05). The prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy was also greater in the OSAS high-risk group (35.37% vs. 8.47%, P<0.05), along with more severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05). Conclusion Children with asthma who are at high risk for OSAS are more likely to exhibit poorly controlled asthma, severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and a higher incidence of adenoid hypertrophy.