目的 本研究拟通过比较眩晕患儿与正常儿童的事件相关电位（ERPs），探索眩晕对患儿认知功能的影响，为临床治疗提供理论指导。方法 选取2024年1月至8月于听力障碍及眩晕诊治中心就诊的以头晕、眩晕、平衡不稳为主诉症状的6~17岁患儿作为研究对象（眩晕组），另选取同期年龄相仿的正常儿童作为对照组。两组分别采用听觉Oddball范式刺激模式下的ERPs进行认知功能评估，ERPs包括P1、N1、P2、N2和P3共5个波形成分，比较两组间各波形成分的潜伏期和振幅差异。结果 眩晕组33例患儿，男14例、女19例，平均年龄（10.2±2.7）岁；对照组16名，男12名、女4名，平均年龄（9.8±2.5）岁。眩晕组患儿的N1和N2振幅显著低于对照组儿童，差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05），余成分的振幅及各波的潜伏期差异均未见统计学意义（P>0.05）。眩晕组和对照组ERPs各波潜伏期、振幅与年龄无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论 儿童眩晕会对患儿的认知功能产生影响，主要表现在早期的感知和认知控制阶段，对高级认知处理的影响不明显；提示眩晕会导致儿童对刺激的感知能力、冲突处理能力和认知控制能力减弱。

Objective By analyzing the event related potentials (ERPs) of vertigo and normal children, this study aims to explore the effects of vertigo on cognitive function in children, and provide theoretical guidance for clinical intervention. Methods The children aged 6 to 17 years old who presented with symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, and balance disorders at hearing impairment and vertigo diagnosis and treatment center were selected from January to August 2024 as the study subjects (vertigo group), and healthy children of similar age during the same period were selected as the control group. Both groups underwent auditory Oddball paradigm stimulation, and event-related potential (ERPs) components, including P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3, were recorded. The latency and amplitude differences of each component were compared between the two groups. Results There were 33 children (14 boys and 19 girls) in vertigo group, and the average age was (10.2±2.7) years. The control group consisted of 16 children (12 boys and 4 females), with an average age of (9.8±2.5) years. The amplitudes of N1 and N2 in the vertigo group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05), while the amplitudes of residual components and latency of all components between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The latency and amplitude of all ERPs components in vertigo group and control group had no significant correlation with age (P>0.05). Conclusions Vertigo in children affects their cognitive function, primarily in the early stages of perception and cognitive control, with less impact on higher cognitive processing, indicating that children with vertigo may reduce perception, conflict processing, and cognitive control abilities.