目的 分析急性呼吸道感染住院患儿的人博卡病毒（HBoV）流行病学特征，为儿童急性呼吸道感染的诊断和防控提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年3月至2024年2月石家庄地区某医院因急性呼吸道感染住院患儿痰液或肺泡灌洗液的病原学检测数据。检测采用13种呼吸道病原体多重检测试剂盒，描述并分析HBoV的人群分布、季节分布等流行病学特征。结果 HBoV总检出率为3.73%（1315/35220），男性患儿检出率（3.91%）高于女性患儿（3.49%）（χ²=4.08，P<0.05）。在年龄分布上，1~<3岁组检出率最高（9.25%，722/7805），其次为3~<6岁组（3.42%，362/10585），不同年龄段之间检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=989.15，P<0.001）。不同年份HBoV检出率不同。2021至2022年HBoV检出率最高（5.20%，443/8519），2022至2023年检出率最低（2.22%，204/9195），差异有统计学意义（χ²=110.02，P<0.001）。研究期间夏季检出率最高（8.56%，823/9610），其次为秋季（3.15%，276/8773），不同季节感染患者检出率之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=939.36，P<0.001）。在检出HBoV感染的患者中，557例未检出其他病原，而758例合并检出至少一种其他病原微生物。结论 HBoV是石家庄地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的常见病原体，1~<3岁儿童在夏、秋季多发，男性多于女性，常与其他呼吸道病原体混合检出。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections, and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and prevention of acute respiratory infection in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the etiological test data of sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children hospitalized due to acute respiratory tract infections in a hospital in Shijiazhuang from March 2021 to February 2024. Detection was carried out using a multiplex detection kit for 13 respiratory pathogens. The epidemiological characteristics of HBoV, including population distribution and seasonal distribution, were described and analyzed. Results The total detection rate of HBoV was 3.73% (1315/35220), with a higher detection rate in male (3.91%) than in female (3.49%) (χ²=4.08, P<0.05). The detection rate is highest in the 1- <3 years old group (9.25%, 722/7805), followed by the 3- <6 years old group (3.42%, 362/10585). There was a statistically significant difference in detection rates among different age groups (χ²=989.15, P<0 001). The detection rate of HBoV varied in different years. The highest detection rate was in 2021 - 2022 (5.20%, 443/8519), and the lowest was in 2022 - 2023 (2.22%, 204/9195), with a statistically significant difference (χ²=110.02, P<0.001). During the study period, the highest detection rate was 8.56% (823/9610) in summer, followed by 3.15% (276/8773) in autumn. And there was a statistically significant difference detection rates among different seasons(χ²=939.36, P<0.001). Among the patients with HBoV infection detected, 557 cases had no other pathogens detected, while 758 cases were co-infected with at least one other pathogenic microorganism. Conclusions HBoV is a common pathogen of acute respiratory infections in children in Shijiazhuang. It is more common in children aged 1- <3 in summer and autumn, with more males than females. It is often co-detected with other respiratory pathogens.