目的 总结儿童消化道内异物的临床特征，分析不同消化道异物的诊治和结局，为临床诊疗和儿童误服风险的管理提供借鉴。方法 回顾性收集2021年7月至2024年7月收治的消化道内异物患儿临床资料，进行统计分析描述。结果 纳入患儿共614例，男女比例约1.7∶1。年龄（4.12±3.07）岁，1~3岁患儿最多见，为314例（52.34%）。表面光滑圆润的钝性异物共372例（60.58%）；腐蚀性异物52例（8.47%）；其他不易归类的异物13例（2.12%）。153例（24.92%）经内科保守治疗后异物自行排出，内镜及外科探查取出异物共442例（71.99%），19例（3.09%）为液体类误服。其中食管为异物最常嵌顿部位。152例（24.76%）患儿留有不同程度的并发症，较多见的为不同部位的消化道黏膜轻度损伤，表现为轻度充血、糜烂或少量出血，29例（4.72%）患儿合并消化性溃疡（多于异物嵌顿位置出现），38例（6.19%）出现消化道穿孔（其中1例合并气管穿孔），12例（1.95%）存在消化道腐蚀伤，4例（0.65%）损伤后遗留食管狭窄。部分患儿存在消化道基础疾病或心理、认知障碍。消化道异物并发症的出现与患儿性别、年龄无相关性（P>0.05），而与入院间隔、异物是否尖锐或具有腐蚀性、异物位置（上消化道/下消化道）、是否存在基础疾病、常住地及就诊时有无症状等因素明显相关（P<0.05）。异物尖锐或具有腐蚀性、异物滞留时间>24 h、异物位于上消化道、就诊时存在症状是消化道异物并发症发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 消化道内异物及时取出可减少并发症的发生。异物类型对临床处理方式和预后有重要影响，新型异物和特殊异物的处理尤应得到关注。

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in children, analyze the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of different types of foreign bodies, and provide references for clinical management and risk prevention of pediatric foreign body ingestion. Methods Clinical data of 614 pediatric patients with gastrointestinal foreign bodies from July 2021 to July 2024 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results A total of 614 cases were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. The mean age was 4.12 ± 3.07 years, and the highest incidence was among children aged 1-3 years (52.34%). Blunt foreign bodies with smooth and round surfaces were the most common (60.58%), followed by corrosive foreign bodies (8.47%) and other unclassifiable objects (2.12%). Among the cases, 153 (24.92%) were managed conservatively and excreted spontaneously, 442 (71.99%) were removed via endoscopy or surgical exploration, and 19 (3.09%) involved liquid ingestion. The esophagus was the most common site of impaction (48.05%). Complications occurred in 152 (24.76%) children, with mild gastrointestinal mucosal injury being the most common, followed by peptic ulcers (4.72%), gastrointestinal perforations (6.19%), corrosive injuries (1.95%), and esophageal strictures (0.65%). The occurrence of complications was not associated with gender or age (P>0.05), but was significantly related to factors such as admission interval, sharp or corrosive nature of the foreign body, location (upper vs. lower gastrointestinal tract), presence of underlying diseases, habitual residence, and symptoms at presentation (P<0.05). Risk factors for complications included sharp or corrosive foreign bodies, retention time >24 hours, location in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and symptoms at diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusion Timely removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies can reduce the incidence of complications. The type of foreign body significantly influences clinical management and prognosis, with particular attention needed for novel or special types of foreign bodies. Strengthening preventive care and avoiding foreign body ingestion are crucial in reducing the incidence of such cases.