目的 本研究旨在分析坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）早产儿术后发生宫外发育迟缓（EUGR）的危险因素，并探讨预防措施。方法 研究选取2018至2024年新生儿科住院的72例行手术治疗的NEC早产儿，根据出院时体重与校正胎龄平均生长指标的关系分为EUGR组和非EUGR组。结果 NEC早产儿术后EUGR的发生率为65.28%，其中重度EUGR发生率为33.33%。单因素分析发现，出生胎龄、出生体重、1分钟Apgar评分、NEC发病时体重、氧疗方式比例、术中切除肠道长度、术后静脉营养时间、术后1周静脉营养中氨基酸最大量等因素与EUGR的发生相关，且有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示，1分钟Apgar评分高和发病时体重大是EUGR的保护因素，而术中切除肠道长度长是EUGR的危险因素。结论 临床医师应关注出生时Apgar评分低、NEC发病时体重低的早产儿，减少术中肠道切除长度，加强围手术期营养评估，并个体化调整营养支持方案，以降低EUGR的发生率。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after surgery and to explore preventive measures. Methods A total of 72 premature infants with NEC who underwent surgical treatment and were hospitalized in the neonatal department from 2018 to 2024 were selected. They were divided into EUGR and non-EUGR groups based on the relationship between their weight at discharge and the average growth indicators for corrected gestational age. Results The incidence of EUGR in NEC premature infants after surgery was 65.28%, with a severe EUGR incidence of 33.33%. Univariate analysis found that birth gestational age, birth weight, 1-minute Apgar score, weight at the onset of NEC, proportion of oxygen therapy methods, length of intestine resected during surgery, duration of postoperative intravenous nutrition, and the maximum amount of amino acids in intravenous nutrition within one week after surgery were statistically significant factors associated with the occurrence of EUGR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high 1-minute Apgar score and a larger weight at the onset of NEC were protective factors for EUGR, while a longer length of intestine resected during surgery was a risk factor for EUGR. Conclusion Clinical physicians should pay attention to premature infants with low Apgar scores at birth and low weight at the onset of NEC, reduce the length of intestine resected during surgery, strengthen perioperative nutritional assessment, and adjust nutritional support plans individually to reduce the incidence of EUGR.