目的 分析儿童药物超敏反应综合征（DIHS）的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析1 例高度疑似DIHS患儿的临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果 男性重症肺炎患儿，1岁10个月，在应用万古霉素后高热不退，全身皮疹，合并肝功能、血液系统等损害；经停用万古霉素，激素及丙种球蛋白冲击联合治疗24 h 后症状相继缓解，17 d 后好转出院。结论 患儿具备DIHS特征，高度疑诊为万古霉素所致。

Objective To analyze the diagnose and treatment of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) in children. Methods The clinical data from one case of highly suspected DIHS were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results A 22-month-old male child with severe pneumonia, after treated with vancomycin, suffered with high fever and skin rash combined with hepatic lesion and hematological system disorder. After withdrawal of vancomycin and then treatment with the combination of high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the clinical symptoms were gradually relieved in 24 hours. The child was improved and discharged on 17th day. Conclusion The child has the characteristics of DIHS which is highly suspected to be caused by vancomycin.