目的 分析轻微-轻度感音神经性听力损失（SMHL）患儿与正常听力（NH）儿童在多种中枢听觉处理任务上的差异，探索早期识别与干预轻度听力损失儿童听觉功能的必要性及可能性。 方法 研究采用病例对照设计，选择2023年12月至2024年12月于耳鼻咽喉头颈外科听语中心门诊以及新生儿听力障碍诊治中心就诊的6~9岁儿童作为研究对象。按纯音测听结果将受试者分为SMHL组和NH组，比较两组的时间分辨率（采用噪声间隙测试）、空间分辨率（采用声源定位任务）及言语识别（采用双耳言语识别率测试）。 结果 共纳入58例学龄期儿童，SMHL组与NH组各29例，每组男女比均为15∶14。SMHL组年龄为（89.7±12.0）个月，NH组年龄为（90.4±10.6）个月。SMHL患儿组在不同噪声条件下的双耳言语识别率显著低于NH儿童组（P均<0.05），SNR越低，任务表现越差。SMHL患儿组最小可听角（P<0.01）以及粉噪声角度识别均方根误差（P<0.01）显著低于NH儿童组。SMHL患儿组的噪声间隙识别门限高于NH组但不显著（P=0.375）。 结论 SMHL患儿在噪声环境中言语识别、部分声源定位任务上表现显著不如NH儿童，提示后续有必要开展研究，评估SMHL患儿的上述障碍是否进一步影响他们的认知发展和社会适应，以及干预的适宜性。

Objective To investigate the differences between children with slight-mild hearing loss (SMHL) and children with normal hearing (NH) on a variety of central auditory processing tasks, and to explore the necessity and possibility of early identification and intervention of auditory function in children with mild hearing loss. Methods The study adopted a case-control design and selected children aged 6 to 9 who visited the outpatient department of the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Hearing and Speech Center and the Neonatal Hearing Impairment Diagnosis and Treatment Center from December 2023 to December 2024 as the research subjects. According to the pure tone audiometry results, the two groups of subjects were divided into the SMHL group and the NH group. The temporal resolution (using the gap-in-noise test), spatial resolution (using the sound source localization task), and speech recognition (using the binaural speech recognition rate test) of the two groups were compared. Results A total of 58 school-age children were included, with 29 children in the SMHL group and 29 children in the NH group. The male-to-female ratio in each group was 15:14. The age of the SMHL group was (89.7±12.0) months, and that of the NH group was (90.4±10.6) months. The binaural speech recognition rate of the SMHL group under different noise conditions was significantly lower than that of the NH group (P<0.05), and the lower the SNR, the worse the task performance. The minimum audible angle (P<0.01) and the root mean square error of pink noise source azimuth identification (P<0.01) in the SMHL group were significantly lower than those in the NH group. The threshold for gap-in-noise (GIN) recognition was higher in the SMHL group than that in the NH group but not significant (P=0.375). Conclusions Children with SMHL demonstrate significantly poorer performance in speech recognition and certain sound source localization tasks in noisy environments compared to NH children, suggesting the need for further research to evaluate whether these deficits may further impact their cognitive development and social adaptation, as well as the appropriateness of interventions.