儿童应激性心肌病是一种以短暂的左心室收缩功能障碍为特征的急性可逆性心肌病。与成人相比，儿童应激性心肌病在流行病学、病因学、临床表现、治疗及预后等方面均存在特殊性。儿童应激性心肌病常常由神经系统疾病触发，其发病率较低，但死亡率较高。儿茶酚胺在其发病机制中扮演着重要角色。部分患儿临床表现与暴发性心肌炎、扩张型心肌病、脓毒症性心肌病相仿，鉴别这些疾病对改善预后至关重要，超声心动图在上述疾病的鉴别诊断中发挥着关键作用。本文旨在探讨儿童应激性心肌病诊治中的重要问题，以期提高儿科医师对该病的诊疗水平，促进对该疾病综合认识的进一步完善。

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in children is an acute, reversible form of cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction. It exhibits distinct epidemiological, etiological, and clinical features compared to the adult population, with differences also evident in management strategies and prognostic outcomes. Although the incidence in pediatric patients is low, the condition is associated with substantial mortality. Neurological disorders are frequently identified as precipitating factors in this age group. Catecholamine excess is considered a central mechanism in the pathophysiology of the disease. Clinical presentation may mimic that of fulminant myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, or sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, posing significant diagnostic challenges. Accurate differentiation among these entities is critical for optimizing patient outcomes. Echocardiography serves as a pivotal diagnostic tool, enabling real-time evaluation of regional wall motion abnormalities and ventricular morphology essential for differential diagnosis. This article aims to review key aspects of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in children, clarify current understanding of its clinical spectrum, and enhance awareness and diagnostic precision among pediatric clinicians.