语用能力是在特定语境中准确理解和恰当运用语言的能力。儿童语用能力的发展与神经发育障碍性疾病之间存在较为密切的相关性。部分神经发育障碍性疾病常伴随不同程度的语用交流障碍，患者多因语言或语用相关问题就诊，进而被确诊。深入探究正常儿童语用能力的发展规律及其标准化评估工具，对早期识别儿童行为问题和发育障碍风险具有重要指导意义。目前常用的语用能力标准化评估工具多为国外学者开发，包括儿童沟通检查表、语用语言测试、语言使用量表等，这些工具存在文化适应性不足、评估维度针对性不强等问题。国内本土化标准化评估工具仍较为匮乏且应用有限。本文综述了正常儿童语用能力的发展轨迹、现有语用能力标准化评估工具的研究进展，以及语用能力与神经发育障碍性疾病之间的关联，并探讨了未来的研究方向与挑战，为国内语用能力标准化评估工具的研发提供参考。

Pragmatic competence refers to the ability to accurately understand and appropriately use language in a specific context.There is a relatively close correlation between the development of children's pragmatic competence and neurodevelopmental disorders. Some neurodevelopmental disorders are often accompanied by pragmatic communication disorders of varying degrees, and patients mostly seek medical attention due to language or pragmatics-related problems, which leads to their final diagnosis. In-depth research on the development patterns of pragmatic competence in normal children and their standardized assessment tools is of great guiding significance for the early identification of behavioral problems and developmental disorders risks in children. Most of the currently used standardized assessment tools for pragmatic competence are developed by foreign scholars, including the children's communication checklist, the test of pragmatic language, and the language use inventory. However, these tools have such limitations as insufficient cultural adaptability and lack of targeted assessment dimensions. Localized, standardized assessment tools in China are still relatively scarce and have limited application.This article reviews the development trajectory of normal children's pragmatic competence, the research progress in existing standardized assessment tools for pragmatic competence, and the relationship between pragmatic competence and neurodevelopmental disorders.It also discusses the future research directions and challenges, thus providing a reference for the development of standardized assessment tools for pragmatic competence in China.