目的　评价多位点聚合酶链反应(PCR) 在儿童结核分枝杆菌复合群鉴定中的临床价值。方法　收集经初步鉴定为结核病分支杆菌的临床分离株，分别经传统PNB/TCH 鉴定，以及选择7 基因位点16SrRNA、Rv0577、IS1561、Rv1510、Rv1970、Rv3877/8 及Rv3120，及4 基因位点ropB、RD1、RD8(present)、RD8(deleted)，采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对其进行扩增和鉴定。结果　共收集204 株临床分离菌株，传统PNB/TCH 鉴定结果为，结核分枝杆菌199 株，牛结核分枝杆菌3 株，非结核分枝杆菌2 株。4 位点PCR 鉴定结果为，结核分枝杆菌196 株，牛结核分枝杆菌2 株，卡介苗3株，非结核分枝杆菌3 株。7 位点PCR 鉴定结果为，结核分枝杆菌191 株，牛结核分枝杆菌2 株，卡介苗3 株，非洲分枝杆菌Ⅰ型4 株，山羊分枝杆菌和田鼠分枝杆菌各1 株，非结核分枝杆菌2 株。结论　两种PCR 方法均较传统方法简便快捷，且均可较快的鉴定结核分枝杆菌复合群更多的亚种。7 位点能鉴定出除非洲分枝杆菌Ⅱ型以外的所有儿童结核分枝杆菌复合群的亚种。4 位点在鉴定卡介苗菌株中更加迅速简便。

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multi-locus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated in children. Methods The isolates were collected and were first determined by PNB/TCH medium. 7-point PCR sites including 16SrRNA, Rv0577, IS1561, Rv1510, Rv1970, Rv3877/8 and Rv3120, and 4-point PCR sites including ropB, RD1, RD8 (present), RD8 (deleted) were used to amplify them by PCR. Results Total of 204 isolates were collected, in which 199 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 were Mycobacterium bovis, and 2 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria by the PNB/TCH method. 4-point PCR analysis showed that 196 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 2 were Mycobacterium bovis, 3 were BCG species and 3 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria. 7-point PCR analysis showed that 191 were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 2 were Mycobacterium bovis, 3 were BCG species, 4 were African Mycobacterium type I, 1 was Mycobacterium caprae, 1 was Mycobacterium microti and 2 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Conclusion Compared with the conventional method, the PCR identification in 4-point PCR method and 7-point PCR method could rapidly identify the BCG among the complex group in children tuberculosis. 7-point PCR method was able to identify all the subspecies of Mycobacterium, except Africa Mycobacterium. 4-point PCR method would be more rapid and easier in the identification of BCG strains.