目的　探讨新生儿血清Toll样受体(TLR)-4、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6与早产的关系及意义。方法　新生儿120例分为足月新生儿40例，胎膜早破早产儿40例，特发性早产儿40例。均在出生30 min内采集外周静脉血。应用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测新生儿血清TLR-4、TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果　胎膜早破早产儿、特发性早产儿的血清TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6水平均高于足月儿(P均<0.05)。两组早产儿的TLR-4均分别与该组TNF-α和IL-6水平呈正相关性；而TNF-α和IL-6水平之间也呈正相关性(P均<0.01)。结论　TLR-4、TNF-α、IL-6水平的改变可能与早产相关。

Objective　To explore the roles of serum TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-6 in neonates with preterm birth. Methods A total of 120 neonates from neonatology department in the Xingtai People's Hospital were selected and divided into full-term group (n=40), premature rupture of fetal membranes (n=40) and idiopathic preterm group (n=40) based on the gestational age. The peripheral venous blood was collected within 30 minutes when the infants were born, and the supernatant was reserved after centrifuged. The levels of serum TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The levels of TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-6 in idiopathic preterm and premature rupture of fetal membranes were significantly higher than that in full-term group and showed positive correlation. Conclusion Cytokines TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-6 maybe closely related to the preterm birth.