目的　探索熊去氧胆酸对新生大鼠高氧视网膜损害的治疗作用。方法　新生大鼠随机分成正常对照组、视网膜病组、低剂量(10 mg/kg)和高剂量(40 mg/kg)熊去氧胆酸治疗组。建立新生大鼠视网膜病变模型后给予不同处理。第17天荧光显微镜下观察视网膜血管，计数新生血管数量。结果　新生视网膜病变模型大鼠的视网膜新生血管增生、扭曲、分布不均匀；四组间新生血管数量的差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)；其中，视网膜病组、低剂量和高剂量熊去氧胆酸治疗组的新生血管数量均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)；但低剂量和高剂量熊去氧胆酸治疗组的新生血管数量少于视网膜病组，差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)，高剂量熊去氧胆酸治疗组少于低剂量组，但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论　熊去氧胆酸具有抑制新生血管形成作用，对于早产儿视网膜病可能具有潜在的治疗价值。

Objective　To explore the curative effect of ursodeoxycholi acid on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) caused by high concentration of oxygen in newborn rats. Methods The model of ROP was established. Neonatal rats were divided into normal control group, ROP model group, low dose ursodeoxycholi acid treatment group (10mg/kg) and high dose ursodeoxycholi acid treatment group (40mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed at days 17. The new retinal vessels were observed and counted under fluorescence microscope. Results The new retinal vessels in ROP rats were hyperplastic, twisted and unevenly distributed. There was significant difference in the number of new retinal vessels among different groups (P=0.000). The number of new retinal vessels of rats in ROP group, low-dose group and high-dose group was significantly more than that in control group (P=0.000). The number of new retinal vessels in low-dose group and high-dose group was significantly less than that in ROP group (P<0.05). The number of new retinal vessels in high-dose group was less than that in low-dose group (P>0.05). Conclusions Ursodeoxycholi acid could inhibit the angiogenesis of retina and could have curative effect on ROP.