早产儿脑损伤是新生儿医学研究热点，早期识别和干预可改善早产儿预后。尽管目前在研的早产儿脑损伤干预措施较多，但均没有循证医学证据支持其临床应用。最有可能临床应用的干预方法是给可能发生早产的孕妇产前应用硫酸镁和早产儿应用促红细胞生成素。目前早产儿脑损伤的防治关键仍是避免早产和脑损伤的发生。

Brain injury of premature infant is a hot topic in the neonatal clinical study. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve the prognosis of premature infants. Although there are some interventions for brain injury of premature infants, most of them do not have evidence-based study to support the clinical application. Antenatal application of magnesium sulfate for pregnant women and application of erythropoietin for preterm infants may be the most promising interventions. Avoiding prematurity and brain damage is the key interventions for brain damage of premature infants.