目的　评价超声与磁共振成像(MRI)检查在新生儿胼胝体发育不全诊断中的准确性及应用价值。方法　2012年1月至2014年6月新生儿重症监护室治疗的8 086例新生儿常规颅脑超声筛查，检出胼胝体发育不全确诊及可疑病例31例，对比其MRI检查结果，评价超声诊断准确性。结果　31例新生儿中，超声检查胼胝体完全缺如14例，MRI显示13例一致，1例为部分缺如；超声检查部分缺如16例，脑MRI显示15例一致，1例为无胼胝体；另有1例超声检查为胼胝体异常，MRI显示为部分缺如。MRI显示31例新生儿中合并其他颅脑畸形者14例。结论　超声与MRI检查对诊断新生儿胼胝体发育不全具有高度一致性，故前者可作为新生儿胼胝体发育不全的常规筛查手段，后者则能作为新生儿胼胝体发育不良及准确分类的确诊手段，结合二者对临床早期诊断及评估具有指导意义。

Objective　To evaluate the accuracy and value of the ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the newborns. Methods　Conventional cerebral ultrasound screening was performed in 8086 newborns admitted to NICU in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 and agenesis of the corpus callosum was suspected or confirmed in 31 newborns. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was assessed through the comparison between the results of ultrasonography and MRI. Results　In 31 cases with suspected agenesis of the corpus callosum, ultrasonography showed 14 cases of complete agenesis of which 13 cases had the same diagnosis with MRI except one case of partial agenesis, meanwhile, ultrasonography showed 16 cases of partial agenesis of which 15 cases had the same diagnosis with MRI except one case of complete agenesis. One case of abnormal corpus callosum determined by ultrasonography was diagnosed as partial agenesis by MRI. MRI showed there were other brain malformations in 14 cases. Conclusions　Ultrasonography and MRI has a high consistency in the diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum in neonates, so the former can be used as a routine screening and the latter can be used as a method of accurate diagnosis. A combination of both has an important role in early diagnosis and clinical evaluation.