文章针对目前儿童血液病诊治研究领域可能存在的问题，对近年来中华儿科分会血液学组提出的包括缺铁性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症、血友病、β地中海贫血和再生障碍性贫血等儿童非恶性血液病诊疗建议或指南，进行简要解读与认真推荐。

Based on the analysis of the recent possible problems of diagnosis and treatment in the field of childhood hematopoietic diseases, this paper provides a brief interpretation on recent recommendations or guidelines for children with non-malignant hematological diseases issued by the Chinese Pediatric Hematology Group, including iron deficiency anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, beta thalassemia and aplastic anemia.