幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)是引起儿童慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃黏膜相关性淋巴样组织(MALT)淋巴瘤等相关疾病的重要病原微生物。H.pylori感染可能发生在儿童早期，如不给予根除治疗，可持续终身，甚至直接影响到成年期的健康。文章综述近年来关于儿童H.pylori感染情况、感染途径、感染的免疫特点及其与胃十二指肠外疾病的关系。

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection is the most important pathogenic microorganisms associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) in children. H.pylori infection may occur in early childhood and last a lifetime even directly affecting the health of adulthood unless H.pylori infection was eradicated. This article aims to review the infection condition, infection pathway and immunological characteristics of H.pylori and its relationship with extragastroduodenal diseases in children.