目的　探讨儿童紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)临床及病理特点。方法　回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月住院的242例HSPN患儿的临床、病理特点。结果　HSPN临床分型最常见为血尿和蛋白尿型(135例，55.79%)；病理分型主要集中在Ⅱ和Ⅲ型。不同临床分型HSPN患儿的病理分型分布差异有统计学意义(H=30.46，P<0.001)；尿检正常型的病理分型最轻，孤立性血尿或蛋白尿型的病理分型以Ⅱ型较多，血尿和蛋白尿型以Ⅲa型较多，而肾病综合征型以Ⅲb型较多。肾穿时病程长短在不同临床(H=0.02，P>0.05)及病理分型(H=2.08，P>0.05)间的差异均无统计学意义；肾脏免疫复合物沉积在不同病理分型间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；血IgA、补体C3水平以及血小板计数在不同病理分型和临床分型间的差异也均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论　HSPN患儿病理分型与临床分型相关。

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 242 children with HSPN admitted from January 2009 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The most common clinical type was proteinuria and hematuria (135 cases, 55.79%). The mainly pathological types were type Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The distribution of pathological types was statistically significant between different clinical types (P=0.000). The patients with normal urine test had the lowest pathological grade. The patients with isolated hematuria and proteinuria mainly had pathological type Ⅱ. The patients with hematuria and proteinuria mainly had pathological type Ⅲa. The patients with nephrotic syndrome mainly had pathological type Ⅲb. The length of the courses at renal biopsy was not statistically significant among different clinical types (P>0.05) and pathological types (P>0.05). The deposition of immune complex in kidney was not statistically significant among different pathological types (P>0.05). The levels of IgA, C3, and platelet count were not statistically significant among different clinical and pathological types (P>0.05). Conclusion The clinical classification is related to the pathological grade in children with HSPN.