肺炎支原体是引起儿童社区获得性肺炎的常见病原体之一。近年来肺炎支原体下呼吸道感染的发病率呈增加的趋势，并且重症、难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的报道也越来越多。糖皮质激素具有抗炎、抗过敏及抑制免疫反应等药理作用，是目前最有效的抗炎药物。文章就肺炎支原体下呼吸道感染的发病机制及糖皮质激素的治疗作用进行综述。

Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is one of common pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia in children. In recent years, the incidence of MP pneumonia (MPP) shows a trend of increasing. The report of severe refractory MPP was more and more. Glucocorticoids has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and restraining immune response pharmacological effects and is the most effective anti-inflammatory drug currently. In this paper, pathogenesis of the lower respiratory infection by MP and the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid were reviewed.