目的　探讨病毒性脑炎(VE)患儿血清和脑脊液中肺表面活性物质相关蛋白D(SP-D)的变化。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验双抗体夹心法分别检测30例VE患儿急性期及恢复期以及12例非脑炎儿童血清和脑脊液中的SP-D，并进行比较分。结果　VE患儿急性期、恢复期以及对照组之间血清和脑脊液SP-D水平差异有统计学意义(F=103.58、118.15，P均<0.01)。其中，VE急性期、恢复期患儿的血清和脑脊液SP-D水平均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)；VE恢复期血清和脑脊液SP-D水平较VE急性期有所提高，差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。VE患儿脑脊液中SP-D水平与脑脊液有核细胞数呈负弱相关(r=－0.317，P=0.014)。结论　SP-D可能参与病毒性脑炎的发病过程，检测血清和脑脊液中的SP-D对VE诊断具有一定的价值。

Objective To investigate the changes of the pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in children with viral encephalitis (VE). Methods The levels of SP-D in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared in thirty children with VE in acute and convalescent phases and in 12 children without VE. Results The levels of SP-D in serum and cerebrospinal fluid between groups of VE acute phase and convalescent phase and no VE were statistically significant (F=103.58，118.15, all P<0.01). The levels of SP-D in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in children with VE in acute phase and in convalescent phase were significantly lower than children without VE (P<0.01). The levels of SP-D in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in children with VE in convalescent phase were all significantly higher than those in acute phase (P<0.01). In children with VE, the level of SP-D in cerebrospinal fluid was weakly correlated negatively with the count of nucleated cells. Conclusions SP-D might be involved in the pathogenesis in VE. The detection of SP-D in serum and cerebrospinal fluid has a certain value for diagnosis of VE.