院内感染是新生儿死亡和致残的主要原因，也是全球卫生工作者所面临的共同挑战。文章对新生儿重症监护病房内院内感染的流行病学现状、面临的主要挑战、主要防控措施进行阐述，并结合中国情况提出了防控的要点。

Nosocomial infection (NI), a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, is the common challenges faced by health workers worldwide. This paper was to review the epidemiology, major challenges, prevention and control measures of NI in neonatal intensive care unit. The present situation of NI in China and the corresponding countermeasures are also discussed.