目的　探讨儿童轮状病毒性胃肠炎合并惊厥的临床特点和预后。方法　回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年12月住院治疗的轮状病毒性胃肠炎患儿的临床资料，根据病程中是否伴有惊厥，分惊厥组和无惊厥组进行比较。结果　两组患儿的性别、年龄和平均住院日差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05），惊厥家族史、既往惊厥史、入院时的血清钠离子、钙离子、乳酸、标准碳酸氢盐（SB）、实际碳酸氢盐（AB）、血清总二氧化碳（TCO2）及pH值的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。出院后电话、门诊随访，两组出院后惊厥发作的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。惊厥组有1例患儿（0.54%）进展为癫痫，两组患儿的生长、认知发育均无明显异常。结论　轮状病毒性胃肠炎合并惊厥是一个良性的临床经过。

Objective　To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and convulsion. Methods　Clinical data of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into the seizure group and no seizure group according to the presence of seizure in the course and compared between the two groups. Results　There were no significant differences in sex, age, and the average duration of hospitalization between two groups (all P>0.05). The family history, history of seizures, the levels of serum sodium, calcium, lactate, standard bicarbonate concentration (SB), actual bicarbonate concentration (AB), carbon dioxide content (TCO2) and pH were statistically significant between two groups (all P>0.05). During the follow-up period (outpatient telephone follow-up), the recurrence of seizure in two groups was significant different (P<0.05) and only one (0.54%) child in seizure group developed epilepsy. Conclusion　This study showed that rotavirus gastroenteritis with convulsion is a benign clinical course.