目的　了解江西地区胃十二肠疾病患儿幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）阳性率，及临床分离菌株的耐药性。方法　2014 年7 月至2015 年5 月195 例有上消化道症状患儿行胃镜及黏膜活检，胃黏膜经H.pylori 分离培养和鉴定后，采用E-test 法检测H.pylori 对阿莫西林、克拉霉素和甲硝唑的敏感性，采用K-B 法检测H.pylori 对呋喃唑酮的敏感性。结果　从195 例患儿胃黏膜中培养出H.pylori 80 株，阳性率为41.0%。在慢性浅表性胃炎、十二指肠球炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠球部溃疡患儿中，H.pylori 培养阳性率分别为28.2%、52.0%、30.0% 和51.2%。H.pylori 菌株对克拉霉素和甲硝唑耐药率分别为25.0% 和48.8%，其中对克拉霉素和甲硝唑二重耐药率为10%；出对阿莫西林和呋喃唑酮均敏感。结论　H.pylori 感染是儿童上消化道疾病的主要原因之一。江西地区儿童感染H.pylori 对甲硝唑和克拉霉素的耐药率较高。

Objective　To investigate the incidence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in children with gastroduodenal diseases and to analyze the drug resistance of H.pylori isolates in Jiangxi. Methods　A total of 195 children with upper digestive tract symptoms were performed endoscopy and gastric biopsy from July 2014 to May 2015. H.pylori isolates were identified in incubated gastric mucosa. The H.pylori isolates resistant to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were detected by E-test, and resistance to furazolidone were detected by K-B test. Results　A total of 80 H.pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens in 195 children. The detection rate was 41.0%. Of all children, the detection rate in chronic superficial gastritis, duodenal bulb inflammation, gastric ulcer and duodenal bulb ulcer was 28.2%, 52.0%, 30.0% , and 51.2%, respectively. The resistance rate of H.pylori isolates to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 25.0% and 48.8%, respectively. The dual-resistance of H.pylori isolates to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 10%. No resistance of H.pylori isolates to amoxicillin and furazolidone was observed. Conclusions　H.pylori infection is a major cause of upper digestive tract disease in children. The resistance rate of H.pylori isolates to clarithromycin and metronidazole is high in Jiangxi.