目的　探讨儿童急性白血病化疗后合并侵袭性真菌病（IFD）的临床特征、诊断及预后。方法　回顾性分析15 例急性白血病化疗后合并IFD 患儿的临床资料。结果　15 例患儿中确诊4 例，临床诊断8 例，拟诊3 例；感染部位，肺部8 例，肝脏3 例（其中1 例合并脾脏真菌感染），鼻窦2 例，真菌血症2 例。均予抗真菌治疗，完全缓解4 例，部分缓解2 例，总有效率40.0%（6/15）；稳定1 例，疾病进展1 例，总无效率13.3%（2/15）。死亡7 例，病死率46.7%（7/15）。结论　儿童急性白血病化疗后合并IFD 以肺部真菌感染最常见，病原诊断困难，病情凶险，病死率高。

Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis of invasive fungal disease (IFD) after chemotherapy in children with acute leukemia (AL). Methods　The clinical data of 15 AL pediatric patients combined with IFD were retrospectively analyzed. Results　In the 15 pediatric patients, there were 4 cases (26.7%) of confirmed IFD, 8 cases (53.3%) of clinically diagnosed IFD and 3 cases (20.0%) of suspected IFD. The infection sites were lung (8 cases), liver (3 cases including 1 case combined with splenic fungal infection), sinus (2 cases) and fungemia (2 cases). All patients were given antifungal treatment. Four patients achieved complete response and 2 patients achieved partial response. The total effective rate was 40.0% (6/15). One patient was in stable condition and one patient was in progress. The total ineffective rate was 13.3% (2/15). Seven patients died and the total mortality was 46.7% (7/15). Conclusions　The most common IFD in children with AL after chemotherapy is invasive pulmonary fungal infection. The pathological diagnosis of IFD is difficult. IFD is dangerous with high mortality.