目的 了解儿童大叶性肺炎的主要病原及临床特点。方法 选择2013 年4 月—2015 年5 月确诊为大叶性肺炎的患儿80 例，应用纤维支气管镜行温盐水灌洗，收集肺泡灌洗液（BALF），采用荧光定量 PCR（FQ-PCR）法检测并分析患儿BALF中的病原。结果 80例患儿的BALF中检出肺炎支原体（MP）59 例，肺炎衣原体（CP）2 例，肺炎链球菌（SP）12例，肺炎克雷伯杆菌（KP）1 例，腺病毒（ADV）8 例，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）1 例，其中混合感染14例；MP大叶性肺炎儿童7~14岁年龄组多于其他年龄组。结论 儿童大叶性肺炎的病原多样，MP是最多见的病原体。

Objective To investigate the pathogenic types and clinical features of children with lobar pneumonia. Methods Eighty children with lobar pneumonia diagnosed from April 2013 to May 2015 were enrolled. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients were collected. FQ-PCR was used to detect and analyze pathogens in BALF. Results In 80 cases, 59 cases  were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and 2 cases were Chlamydia pneumoniae, 12 cases were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 case was Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 cases were adenovirus, 1 case was respiratory syncytial virus, 14 cases were of mixed infection. The prevalence of MP lobar pneumonia in children of 7-14 years old age group were higher than that of other age groups. Conclusions The pathogen of children with lobar pneumonia varied from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, bacteria, virus and so on, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the common pathogen in lobar pneumonia.