儿童难治性癫痫是指经2种以上抗癫痫药物的正规治疗，发作仍不能完全控制的癫痫。而生酮饮食(KD)作为一种特殊饮食(高脂肪、低碳水化合物、适量蛋白质的饮食)，是治疗儿童难治性癫痫的重要方法。实施KD前，需排除某些代谢性疾病。虽然KD的治疗机制尚未完全明确，但已取得一定的临床疗效。多种因素影响KD的疗效。KD治疗中的不良反应大多为一过性，经积极预防和处理，一般预后良好。

　Refractory childhood epilepsy refers to those cases with difficult control of epileptic attacks after at least two formal anticonvulsants treatment. Recently, ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate and adequate-protein diet, becomes an important method for the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. Before employing KD, children should be checked to exclude known metabolic diseases. Although the mechanism of KD treatment is not entirely clear, it has a certain clinical curative effect. Many factors influence the curative effect of KD. Most of the adverse effects of KD treatment are transient and can be recovered through active prevention and handling, which gives a generally good prognosis.