目的 探讨孕期膳食脂肪酸与新生儿出生状况的关系。方法 招募早孕妇女，采用即时性图像法调查孕 中、晚期膳食状况，计算食物摄入量，以及能量、宏量营养素和脂肪酸摄入量；采集新生儿体质量、身长和BMI等体格生 长指标，分析孕期膳食脂肪酸摄入与新生儿体格生长之间的关联。结果 在有效纳入的516名孕妇中，孕中期和孕晚期 膳食多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）平均摄入量以及占总脂肪酸比例分别为15.09g/d、23.93%和17.18g/d、24.7%，其中n-6 和n-3 PUFA摄入量在孕中期为14.23g/d和3.45g/d，孕晚期为16.08g/d和3.81g/d，差异均有统计学意义(P??0.05)。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）摄入量在孕 中期为64.43mg/d，孕晚期75.12mg/d，差异有统计学意义（P??0.05）。 孕中 期n-3和n-6 PUFA摄入量、n-6/n-3比值均与新生儿BMI呈正相关（r?= 0.142 ~?0.189，P??0.05）。 结论 孕中期膳食n-6和n-3摄入与新生儿BMI相关。

Objectives  To investigate the correlation between dietary fatty acids intake of pregnant women and neonatal  anthropometry at birth. Methods Women in early pregnancy were recruited with appropriate value of weight gain in pregnancy.  Instant photography was used to assess the dietary situation in both the second trimester and the third trimester to calculate the  intakes of food, energy, macronutrients, and fatty acids. The body weight, height and BMI at birth were evaluated with Z scores. The  correlation between dietary fatty acids of pregnant women and neonatal anthropometry at birth were analyzed. Results There were  516 pregnant women recruited in this study. The average intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the proportion of total fatty  acids in the two trimesters were 15.09 g/d, 23.93% and 17.18 g/d, 24.86%. In the second trimester the intakes of n-6 and n-3 PUFA  were 14.23g/d and 3.45g/d, and in the third trimester, n-6 and n-3 PUFA were 16.08g/d and 3.81g/d, the average intakes in the  third trimester were significantly higher than those in the second trimester (P?＜?0.05).n-6/n-3PUFA ratio was 4.11 and 4.28?in the second trimester and the third trimester, respectively, without  significantdifference between the two trimesters (P?>?0.05). The intake  of DHA (64.43mg/d) in the second trimester was lower than that in the third trimester 75.12 mg/d, (P?＜?0.05). The percentage of  linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) contribution to energy were 5.95%, 1.42% and 6.20%, 1.45% in the second and  the third trimesters, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two trimesters (P?>?0.05).The dietary intakes of  n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratio in the second trimester were positively correlated with neonatal BMI r =0.142~0.189,  P?＜?0.05). But in the third trimester, only n-3PUFA and DHA were positively correlated with birth weight ( r =0.206, 0.193, P?＜?0.05); there was no correlation between n-6/n-3 ratio and neonatal BMI ( r =-0.018, P?>?0.05). Conclusions The dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in  the second trimester was positively correlated with neonatal BMI, suggesting that moderately increasing the intake  of n-3 PUFA may play a positive role in reducing childhood obesity.