目的　探讨儿童肝炎相关再生障碍性贫血（HAAA）的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法　回顾分析5例HAAA患 儿的临床资料。结果　5例患儿，男4例、女1例，中位年龄为10岁（7~13岁）；5例患儿急性肝炎期间甲、乙、丙、戊肝炎病 毒检测均为阴性，其中2例行微小病毒B19抗体、EB病毒检测均为阴性； T淋巴细胞亚群示CD4+ T细胞比例、CD4+/CD8+ 比值降低，CD8+ T细胞比例升高。 3例以抗胸腺细胞球蛋白联合环孢素免疫抑制治疗2例完全缓解， 1例死于肺部真菌感 染； 1例单用环孢素免疫抑制治疗，部分缓解； 1例放弃治疗后失访。结论　儿童HAAA可由病毒血清学阴性的肝炎引起， 存在T淋巴细胞免疫紊乱，免疫抑制治疗有效。

　Objective　To explore the clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) in children. Method　The clinical data of 5 children with HAAA were retrospectively analyzed. Results　There were 5 patients (4 males and 1 female) with median age of 10 years (7~13 years ). The detection of hepatitis A, B, C, and E were all negative in these 5 children during their acute hepatitis period. In 2 children, parvovirus B19 antibody and EB virus were negative and the proportion of CD4+T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were decreased, and the proportion of CD8+T cells was increased by T-lymphocyte subsets analysis. Three children were treated with anti-thymocyte globulin combined with cyclosporine, 2 of whom achieved complete remission and 1 died of pulmonary fungal infection. One child was treated with cyclosporine only and achieved partial remission. One child lost follow-up after giving up treatment. Conclusion　HAAA in children can be caused by viral seronegative hepatitis, and usually has T lymphocyte immune disorders.  Immunosuppressive therapy is effective.