目的　探讨儿童耐锑剂黑热病的治疗。方法　回顾分析1例耐锑剂黑热病患儿的临床资料，并复习相关文 献。结果　患儿，男， 2岁5个月。 1年半前因发热、血三系降低、肝脾肿大等经骨髓检查确诊黑热病，予足量锑剂治疗好转， 以后复发2次，均予足量锑剂治疗好转。第3次复发，考虑为耐锑剂黑热病，经两性霉素B脂质体（第1天1mg/kg，第2天 2mg/kg，第3~7天及第10天3mg/kg，累计剂量21mg/kg）治疗好转，随访1年未复发。结论　两性霉素B脂质体可治疗儿 童耐锑剂黑热病。

　Objective　To explore the treatment of kala-azar with antimonial resistance in children. Method　The clinical data of antimony resistant Kala Azar in a child was analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature were reviewed. Results　A 2-year- and 5-month-old boy, suffered from fever, pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. He was diagnosed with kala-azar by bone marrow examination, and improved after the treatment of adequate antimonial. Later, he relapsed twice and the treatment of adequate  was effective.. This was the third relapse, and was considered as antimonial resistance. Liposomal amphotericin B (1 mg/kg on day 1, 2 mg/kg on day 2, 3mg/kg on day 3~7 and day 10, with accumulated dose of 21 mg/kg) was used and effective. The child improved and no relapse in one-year follow-up. Conclusion　Liposomal amphotericin B can be used in the treatment of kala-azar with antimonial resistance in children.