目的　探讨儿童化脓性脑膜炎病原菌分布及其对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法　回顾分析2010年1月－2014年12 月收治的54例化脓性脑膜炎患儿的脑脊液涂片及培养结果。结果　54株病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主共36株，革兰阴性杆菌 17株，疑似脑膜炎奈瑟菌1例。革兰阳性球菌中以肺炎链球菌为主共31株，革兰阴性杆菌中以大肠埃希菌为主。革兰阳性球 菌中61.3%对青霉素敏感，90%以上对头孢曲松、头孢吡肟敏感，对美洛培南敏感率83.3%，对阿奇霉素耐药达94.7%，18 株对苯唑西林耐药58.1%；在革兰阴性杆菌中，对氨苄西林舒巴坦敏感率60%，对头孢他啶敏感率71.4%，对头孢曲松敏感 率57.1%，对头孢吡肟敏感率66.6%。结论　济南地区儿童化脓性脑膜炎病原菌以肺炎链球菌和大肠埃希菌为主。

　Objective　To explore pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug susceptibility testing results in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area. Methods　A total of 54 children with purulent meningitis were selected from January 2010 to December 2014, the cerebrospinal fluid smear and culture, according to the national standard of clinical inspection technology for bacteria isolation and identification by disc diffusion method for drug sensitive test were retrospectively analyzed. Results　 A  total of 54 strains of pathogenic bacteria including 36 strains of gram-positive coccus, and 17 strains of gram-negative bacillus and one strain of suspected Neisseria meningitides were found. A total of 31 strains gram positive coccus is Streptococcus pneumoniae, and most gram-negative bacilli is E. coli. In the Gram-positive coccus, 61.3% was sensitive to penicillin, and more than 90% was sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefepime, 83.3% was sensitive to meropenem, 94.7% resistant to azithromycin, and 58.1% resistant to oxazocilline. In Gram-negative bacilli, 60% was sensitive to ampicillin sulbactam 71.4% was sensitive to cephalosporin , 57.1% was sensitive to ceftriaxone , 66.6% was sensitive to cefepime. Conclusions　From cerebrospinal fluid cultured of purulent meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and E. coli were major pathogenic bacteria in children with purulent meningitis in Jinan area.